|
城市轨道交通研究 2000年 第3卷第3期 |
卷首语
周干峙院士谈城市轨道交通
目前我国正在加快发展城市轨道交通建设，形势很好；但说实话这已经有点晚了。外国的城市轨道交通搞了100多年，我国在50年前才开始。外国大城市一般都有200～300km的轨道交通用于城市公共交通，如法国巴黎的地铁网覆盖整个市区，只要步行400m左右就能到达一个地铁车站，市民出行非常方便，当然这需要有一定的经济实力。
要在实施城市化发展战略的过程中同步考虑城市轨道交通建设。过去兴建地铁一年只能修1～2km，我们起步晚，却有可能快一些，现已达到每年兴建3～5km，上海有计划要达到每年10km，可能更多，很令人鼓舞。
发展城市轨道交通是一项系统工程。城市轨道交通建设要么不起动，动了就不能停，也不能更改。现在有些城市积极性很高，但准备工作不足。有两个问题要注意：一是各地除了在政策上给予支持和引导外，还要适当地确定标准，要科学合理地进行开发；第二，一定要作好规划，无论硬件、软件都要考虑周到，根本一条就是要大幅度降低造价。现在地铁造价高达每公里8～9亿元，甚至10亿元，如果作好规划、选线、设备国产化、信号、管理等项工作，完全有可能大幅度降低造价。造价要是能降低到4～5亿元/Km，能力就能增加一倍。
A speech on Urban Mass Transit
ZHOU Ganshi
(Academician of China Academy
of Science and China Academy
of Engineering)
At present, China is speeding
up the development of mass transit,
and the situation is getting
better and better. But frankly
speaking, I thank it is still
a bit too late. Since the first
UMT was put into operation,
more than 100 years have passed,
while in China, UMI was seen
in cities only 50 years ago.
The average operation mileage
of railway transport in western
cities are from 200 to 300km.
For instance, Paris' metro network
covers the whole city proper
and nearly every station is
within 400m's walk, therefore
it is very convenient for the
citizens to go on a journey.
Of course, the development of
UMT is first guaranteed by the
economic capability of the country.
In the process of carrying
out urban development strategy,
we should put the construction
of UMT into consideration simultaneously.
Since the public transport got
off to a late start in China,
we could build merely 1-2km
of subway line annually in the
past. But now we are able to
build 3-5km every year. In Shanghai,
people even plan to build more
than 10km of subway every year.
The great progress we have made
is made is really very encouraging.
The development of UMT is
a systems engineering, because
the building of subway can not
be stopped or altered once the
project is started. Now, some
cities are very enthusiastic
in the development of UMT, but
an ample preparation is still
badly needed. Consequently,
we should give careful heed
to two problems :1. the city
government shall set proper
standard for the scientifc and
rational development of UMT,
instead of giving support and
guidance in policies only ;
2. a good planning is the crucial
prerequisite, either the hardware
or the software of an UMT project
shall be carefully balanced,
so as to reach the prupose of
reducing the cost by a big margin
in metro construction, which
is now running as high as 800
to 900 millions and even over
1 billion RMB for 1 kilometer
in some cases. With a good planning,
a reasonable choice of the line
stretch and scientific management,
plus home-manufactured equipment
and signal system, the cost
is possibly to drop dramatically.
The benefits of UMT construction
will be doubled when its cost
is reduced to 400 to 500 millions
RMB/km.(abstracted ) |
|
 |
|
|
